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B. MQGOVERN. MACHINE FOR GRINDING RAZORS. No. 248,561. Patented Oct. 18,1881.

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No. 248,561. Patented Oct. 18,1881.

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B. MOGOVERN.

MACHINE FOR GRINDING RAZORS.

No. 248,561. Patented Oct. 18,1881,

UNrrEn STATES PATENT OFFICE,

BERNARD MGGOVERN, OF BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR OF TWO- THIRDS TO JAMES D. FRARY, OF SAME PLACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No, 248,561, dated October 18, 1881.

Application filed January 3,1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that 1, BERNARD McGovnRN, of Bridgeport, in the county of Fairfield and State ot'Connecticut, have invented a new Ma chine for Grinding Razors; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, IO and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in

Figure 1, afrontview; Fig.2, aside view; Fig. 3, a top view; Fig. 45, arear view of the shipping mechanism. Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8 illustrate the operation of the machine; Fig. 9, a vertical transverse section of the matrix enlarged.

This invention relates to an improvement in machines for grinding, or what is more commonly called concaving, razorsthat is, giv- 2o ing the concavity a to the side of the razor. (See Fig. 8, which shows a transverse section ofa finished blade.) This peculiar shape or concavity has heretofore been done by hand, the grinder holding the razor upon the stone and depending upon his skill alone to give the requisite shape. The blades are also curved longitudinally, as seen in Fig. 7, so that in grinding the blade to the required concavity he must also so move it across the surface of 0 the grinder as to give this longitudinal curve. Owing to these difficult operations, none but longexperienced andmostskillfulpersons have been able to successfully do this work, and this part of the work it ,is that makes the great and 5 unavoidable expense in the cost of manufac ture.

The object of my invention is to construct a machine which, having a razor-blank introduced to it, will automatically grind it to the required shape and deliver it so shaped from the machine, and which once adjusted, all succeeding blades will be of identically the same requiredshape-anirnpossibilityinhand-grinding.

The invention consists in the construction and combination of mechanism hereinafter described, and particularly recited in theclaims.

A is the upright or post upon which the operative mechanism is placed and supported; B, a stationary bed at the top, on which lies a carriage, C, carrying the driving-shaft D, supported in suitable bearings,1), to which power is applied through a pulley, D or otherwise. On the shaft D is the grinder b,which is of the usual shape for such grinders. The carriage is made adjustable on the bed B by means of a screw, E, so as to be moved toward or from the front of the machine,as required. The bearings I) are also adjustable vertically in guides 01 on the carriage C, to adjust the elevation of the grinder, as occasion may require. On the front ofthe upright is acarriage, F, arranged to move on transverse guides f. To the said carriage a reciprocating motion is i mparted by ahorizontal leading-screw, F, supported in a bearing, F and to which power is applied through pulleys F or F to impart a revolution to the screw in either direction, as may be required, the said pulleys being driven one in one direction and the other in the opposite direction, both loose on the screw-shaft, connection being made with either by means of a clutch, F splined on the shaft, the said clutch caused to move longitudinally on the shaft by the movement of the carriage F When approaching either of its extreme movements. The shifting of the clutch is produced by a rod, h, extending longitudinally in the rear of the carriage to the shipper h, the rod h provided with adjustable or spring stops h against one of which the carriage will strike in completing its movement in one direction, and the other in its extreme movement in the opposite direction, and impart a corresponding longitudinal movement to the rod h and to the shipper connected with it, which will correspondingly move the clutch from its engagement with one of the pulleys F F to the other, as the case may be, and thus a continuous horizontal reciprocating movement will be imparted to the carriage.

The shipper h is connected to the rod h, and on the upper end of the shipper a straight flat spring, h bears, the upper end of the spring fixed to the arm its, the length of the spring being such that it will be substantially straight 5 when in either of the extreme positions, as shown in broken lines, Fig. 1. As the shipper is moved from one position to the other the straight spring must necessarily contract, because it is fixed upon one end, and the other end bears hard in a notch in the shipper. This bending of the spring contracts it, and so soon as it passes the center in either direction the reaction of the contracted spring operates to throw the shipper and clutch to the extreme position. Such shipping device is well known, and it will be understood that other known shipping apparatus may be applied in lieu thereof. This shipping arrangementand movement of carriage does not differ materially from similar shipping apparatus in other machines where a like movement is imparted.

The guides f, to which the leading-screw is attached, are adjustable vertically on guides l by means of an adjusting-screw, 1, below, so that the carriage F may be moved up or down, as occasion may require.

H is the holder, pivoted to the front of the carriage, as at n. The holder extends above the carriage, as at H, and turned inward over the carriage toward the grinder, as at H, to form horizontal guides to receive the slide m and permit it to be moved horizontallythat is, at right angles to the carriage and toward or from the grinder. The holder extends downward and is pivoted in front of the guide I, as at n. Because of the attachment of the holderH to the horizontally-reciprocating carriage F, a corresponding reciprocating movement will be imparted to the holder; but as there is no reciprocating movementat the point 11/, where the lower end of the holder is attached, it follows that the holder will have a rocking movement, of which the pivot n is substantially the center, combined with its horizontally-reciprocatin g movement. The curve of thisrockingmovementisthelongitudinal curve required for the grinding of the razor.

The slide m, on which the matrix m is fixed, is made self-adjustable toward the grinder by means of a spring, at, at the front, attached to the holder below, and in its upper end a set-screw, m which bears constantly against the outer end of the slide m, as seen in Fig. 3, the spring yielding to the pressure of the grinder upon the blade, but bearing the slide forward to press the blade with the required force against the grinder as it is moved along. The extreme forward movement to which the matrix may advance toward the grinder is limited by a set-screw, m screwed through a lug, m, on the front of the holder into the slide, with a shoulder or head on the screw outside the lug, to bear up against the lug when the operation otgrinding is complete, and therefore stop the grinding, notwithstanding the movements of the machine may continue.

The matrix m is shown in vertical transverse section enlarged in Fig. 9, which differs from the matrix used in grinding table-cutlery only inthe shape of the cavity in which the blade rests, the shape being that of the side of the blade opposite the side being ground, and so that the back of the blade will take a hearing, as at m. A clamp is applied to bear upon the tang of the blade to hold it in place, as in table-cutlery grinding machines. The matrix at is arranged upon the slide m at the end next the grinder-wheel, with the plancof the cavity at right angles to the plane of the slide mthat is, in a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the carriage F. With the razor-blank so arranged and secured in place, poweris applied to the machine, causing the grinder to revolve and the holder to.reciprocatc, as before described, which passes the blank longitudinally across the grinder until the surface of the blank is ground to the required shape, 7

and when that shape is attained the forward movement of the slide m, which carries the matrix and blank, is arrested by one of the setscrews m or other suitable stop; and if the machine continue its movement, no further operation will be made upon the blank. Then the attendant removes the ground blank, introduces a second, and so continues until the first side of a lot of blanks is ground. Then with another matrix applied, fitted to receive the ground side of the blank, the blanks are introduced presenting the other or nnground side to the grinder, and proceed as before; or, having two machines, one may be adjusted for grinding one side and the other for the reverse.

The time required for the grinding of one side is much greater than that required for the introduction of the blanks; hence it is found in practical work that one operator is able to attend several machines, and these machines being properly adjusted, such attendant need have no skill or experience in grinding and only sufficient mechanical skill to introduce and take out the blanks, and with that little amount of skill is enabled to perform the work of several of the most successful and skilled grinders by the old hand process.

As a convenience for introducing and removing the blanks, the upper part of the holder H is hinged to the other part, as at s, so that it may be turned forward away from the grinder to expose the matrix, as seen in broken lines, Fig. 2; and to hold it up to its work, a spring or arm, t, is arranged upon the lower part, to bear upon the upper part to hold it up to place, but turned to one side, as in broken lines, Fig. 1, to permit it to be turned forward.

The pivot n is removable, and it taken from its place and introduced through a hole, 8, in the holder and into the carriage F, it takes away the rocking movement, so that the holder simply reciprocates horizontally as a part of the carriage. This arrangement is necessary, because certain classes of razors are ground straight, instead of curved, as hereinbefore described, and for such grinding the movement of the matrix must be in a straight line across the face of the grinder.

I have thus far described the apparatus as for grinding the concavity on the surface of the blade; but it will be readily understood that it may with equal facility be applied to grinding the surface, as at a, to form the edge, and in practice the edge is thus ground first, as seen in Fig. 5, and then the concavity a, as seen in Fig. 7. Fig. 6 shows a section of the blank with the first grinding, a. Thesetwo grindin gs leave a ridge, 64?, upon the surface between them, which is removed by a subsequent grinding, and in such grinding gradually changing the vertical position of the blank by means of the adjusting-screw Z below, and this adjustment may be made by hand or automaticallyas, for instance, each time the clutch F is shifted it may impart to the screw l a partial rotation by connections between, as by pawl and ratchet-a connection so well understood as not to require full description in this specification.

I claim- 1. In a machine for grinding razors, the combination of a revolving grinder, a holder arranged to move in a plane parallel with the axis of the grinder, a matrix arranged upon said holder to support the razor-blank and present it to the grinder in a plane substantially parallelto theplanein which the holder moves,and mechanism, substantially such as described, to impart to said holder and matrix a combined reciprocating and rocking movement, substantially as described.

2. The combination of a revolving grinder, a carriage having a reciprocating movement imparted to it in a plane parallel to the axis of the grinder, a holder pivoted to said reciprocating carriage, carrying a matrix at one end to present the blank to the grinder, the other end pivoted on a fixed vertical line independent of said carriage, whereby a combined reciprocating and rocking movement is imparted to the holder in a plane substantially parallel with the plane of the said carriage, substantially as described.

3. In a machine for grinding razors, the combination of the revolving grinder with a carriage arranged to move in a plane parallel with the axis of the grinder, mechanism,substantiall y such as described, to impart a reciprocating movement to said carriage, a holder pivoted to and so as to move in the same plane with the carriage, one end of said holder extending toward the grinder,with a matrix affixed thereto to support the blank in a plane parallel to the plane of said carriage, a removable fixed pivot at the other end of said holder, independent of the carriage, whereby, when the pivot is in place, a combined rocking and reciprocating movement is imparted to said holder, and when said pivot is removed the said holder may receive only thereciprocatingmovementof the carriage, substantially as described.

4. In a machine for grinding razors, the combination of a revolving grinder, a carriage arranged to move in a plane parallel with the axis of the grinder, mechanism, substantially such as described, to impart a reciprocating movement to said carriage, a holder hinged to said carriage so as to be moved in the same plane with the carriage, a matrix arranged upon said holder to support the razor-blank and present it to the grinder in a plane parallel to the plane of the carriage, said hinge permitting the holder and matrix to be raised from the carriage and. grinder, substantially as described.

BERNARD MOGOVERN.

Witnesses:

THos. O. LEIGH, CHARLES KIEFER, Jr. 

